Air pollution is a major environmental risk factor affecting respiratory health, particularly in urban children. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) and the incidence of asthma and other respiratory disorders among children aged 5–12 years in metropolitan areas. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1,200 participants from three cities, and data were collected through clinical examinations and parental questionnaires. Results indicated a significant association between higher PM2.5 levels and increased prevalence of asthma (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.5–2.9) and chronic bronchitis symptoms. The findings highlight the urgent need for stricter air quality regulations and targeted interventions to protect vulnerable populations.

Keywords:
Air pollution, respiratory health, asthma, children, public health