Air pollution is a major environmental risk factor for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in urban populations. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) and respiratory health outcomes among 1,200 adults in three metropolitan cities. Air quality data were obtained from local monitoring stations, and participants completed questionnaires on respiratory symptoms, smoking status, and occupational exposures. Results indicated that individuals exposed to high PM2.5 levels (>35 µg/m³) had higher prevalence of chronic cough (27%), wheezing (22%), and reduced lung function (p<0.01). Smoking and pre-existing conditions exacerbated adverse effects. The study highlights the need for air quality regulations, public health awareness campaigns, and interventions to mitigate respiratory risks in urban populations.

Keywords:
Air Pollution, Respiratory Health, Urban Health, Particulate Matter, Public Health