Sleep disturbances are increasingly recognized as a significant public health concern due to their impact on cognitive function, productivity, and overall health. This cross-sectional study assessed sleep patterns, quality, and their association with cognitive performance in 1,200 adults aged 25–60 years in urban communities. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), actigraphy, and standardized cognitive tests assessing memory, attention, and executive function. Results revealed that 41% of participants reported poor sleep quality, and those with inadequate sleep (<6 hours/night) exhibited significant deficits in memory recall (p<0.01) and executive function (p<0.05) compared to individuals with sufficient sleep. Multivariate analysis identified high stress levels, screen time before bed, and irregular work schedules as significant predictors of poor sleep. These findings highlight the need for public health initiatives promoting healthy sleep habits to improve cognitive health and prevent long-term neurological disorders.

Keywords:
Sleep Quality, Cognitive Function, Adults, Public Health, Neurobehavioral Health