Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and low birth weight. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency among 1,000 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured, and dietary, lifestyle, and sociodemographic data were collected. Results revealed that 68% of participants were deficient in vitamin D, with risk factors including limited sun exposure, low dietary intake of vitamin D-rich foods, higher BMI, and lower educational levels. The study emphasizes the importance of routine screening and supplementation programs to address vitamin D deficiency and improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

Keywords:
Vitamin D deficiency, pregnancy, maternal health, nutrition, public health