Indoor air pollution is a significant contributor to respiratory illnesses among children in low-income households. This study assessed the relationship between indoor air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO), and respiratory outcomes in 1,200 children aged 1–12 years. Data were collected via household monitoring, health records, and caregiver interviews. Results indicated that children exposed to higher levels of PM2.5 and CO had a 2.7-fold increased risk of recurrent respiratory infections and a 1.9-fold increase in asthma prevalence (p < 0.01). Findings highlight the urgent need for public health interventions targeting indoor air quality improvement, including clean cooking technologies and ventilation enhancements, to reduce childhood respiratory morbidity.

Keywords: Indoor air pollution, children, respiratory health, asthma, public health