Poor sleep quality is increasingly recognized as a factor affecting metabolic health, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between sleep quality and glycemic control in 1,200 adults with T2DM attending urban outpatient clinics. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and glycemic control was measured via HbA1c levels. Results indicated that participants with poor sleep quality had significantly higher HbA1c levels (8.5% vs. 7.2%, p < 0.01) and an increased prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes. Factors such as nocturia, stress, and irregular sleep patterns contributed to poor sleep quality. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive diabetes management programs that incorporate sleep hygiene interventions to optimize glycemic control.

Keywords:
Type 2 diabetes, sleep quality, glycemic control, metabolic health, public health